As i equals j (hukou homogamy), each other x

record F cijkl = Formula 2 + ? x ijkl + ? y ijkl + ? c ( ? x ijkl ) + ? c ( ? y ijkl )

_ijkl and y_ijkl equal 0. x_ijkl indicates local-spouse-hypergamy (migrant spouse is more educated than local spouse), and y_ijkl indicates local-spouse-hypogamy (migrant spouse is less educated than local spouse). Thus, when i equals 0 and j equals 1 (migrant husband and local wife), x_ijkl equals 1 if k > l and 0 otherwise, y_ijkl equals 1 if k

2nd, we measure ining how the odds of hukou intermarriage changes having for each and every spouse’s studies (Gullickson and Torche, 2014), therefore we then consider adaptation during the business exchange between them towns.

record F cijkl = Equation 2 + ? p = step 1 dos ? p u pij + ? q = step one 2 ? q w qij + ? c ? p = step one dos ? p you pij + ? c ? q = step 1 dos ? q w qij

When i equals j (hukou homogamy), both u_pij and w_qij equal 0. u_pij measures the education effects for migrant spouses to form hukou intermarriages, and w_qij measures the education effects for local spouses to form hukou intermarriages. When i equals 0 and j equals 1 (migrant husband and local wife), u_pij equals 1 if k >p and w_qij equals 1 if l > q; when i equals 1 and j equals 0 (local husband and migrant wife), u_pij equals 1 if l > p and w_qij equals 1 if k > q.

Thus, this model estimates separately how migrants’ and locals’ likelihoods of marrying across hukou boundaries change as their educations change. Specifically, ?_p and ?_q capture how the log-odds of hukou intermarriage change for migrants and locals, respectively, when moving up one level of education from either p or q (e.g., from less than high school to high school). Positive values of ? indicate that the odds of hukou intermarriage increase as migrant spouses’ educations increase, and negative values indicate that the odds of hukou intermarriage decrease as migrant spouses’ educations increase. ? provides the same information for local spouses. We expect ? to be positive and S to be miksi Baltican naiset ovat niin kuumia negative, and we expect n and ? to be less pronounced in Shanghai than in Shenzhen.

Detailed Efficiency

Descriptive results in Dining table 1 inform you hukou locality pairings out of partners because of the area. For the Shanghai, regarding 47% of micro-census was indeed developed ranging from a couple of migrants; inside the Shenzhen, one fee was over 70%. In the 38% out of marriage ceremonies in it several local spouses in Shanghai, whereas fifteen% regarding marriage ceremonies got a couple of regional partners in Shenzhen. Demonstrably, somebody had a tendency to get married within their hukou reputation category both in places. In cities, marriages anywhere between a region partner and you can an excellent migrant partner was indeed far apt to be than just marriage ceremonies anywhere between a good migrant husband and a location wife to occur (13% versus. 3% inside the Shanghai and you may 11% vs. 4% in the Shenzhen). The newest percentage of hukou area homogamy is similar in the one or two metropolitan areas. But really, we want to understand the results which have alerting, because the display out-of migrants varies throughout these a few towns and cities. The newest cousin sized migrants and you can residents produces structural relationship ventures for folks to look for possible partners and ultimately ). Log-linear data allows us to look at the amount of hukou homogamy, websites of the compositional outcomes, by the managing to have marginal distributions off hukou standing.

Desk step 1.

We first introduce brand new distributions regarding training attainment to possess migrant husbands, local husbands, migrant spouses, and you will local wives inside for each area, correspondingly, in the Profile step 1 . An average of, migrants is faster experienced than locals, no matter gender, both in Shanghai and you can Shenzhen. One of migrants, guys are ideal knowledgeable than simply women in both Shanghai and you will Shenzhen. In contrast, certainly locals, the fresh gender gap into the training is actually possibly quick otherwise reversed: local dudes typically are just slightly greatest educated than simply their women competitors during the Shenzhen, and regional women an average of much more educated than their male alternatives inside Shanghai. Log-linear patterns manage into education inequalities between visitors and you may ranging from residents and you may migrants to fully capture the fresh new contacts anywhere between spouses’ education and anywhere between informative and you may hukou area assortative mating, online of one’s limited distributions away from spouses’ faculties.